In few of the previous blogs, I discussed a number of theories
around strategy, strategic directions of the company and competitive
strategies. Whichever strategy a company adapts, Pricing plays a significant role
in adapting a differentiation or a cost leader strategy. (Porter, M.E., "Competitive Strategy:
Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors" New York: The Free
Press (1980))
Buying behavioral analysts affirms the point that majority
of lower, middle and middle upper class market segments are highly concerned on
the price tag, and price plays a significant role in purchase decision making.
From a seller’s perspective having the right price on the product will
ultimately determine the successful sale or the product
There are three main views on Pricing strategies,
Economist View on pricing
In understanding the economists’ view to pricing, please see
the graph which highlights the movement in supply and demand with Price and
Quantity as key variables. As it is inevitable when the price is low there will
be a significant demand on the product and as the price increase the demand
goes down with affordability.
When the price is low, supply will be low and as the price
increases there will more suppliers with the possible margin improvements due
to price increases. Thus the ultimate price will be defined by the equilibrium
of supply and demand.
Marketers View
Pricing plays a significant role in the marketers view
towards pricing. As you already may know marketing tactical strategies are
built around four main pillars which are knows as the 4P’s in marketing. 4P’s
include Product, Price, Place and Promotions.
Pricing is the second most important pillar in marketing and as per
marketers view the pricing is defined by the customer. As per the marketers
view a product should be priced at an amount which the customer is willing to
pay.
This is also in line with the Japanese concept of target
pricing. Where the pricing for the product is first defined and then manages
the cost structure to have an acceptable margin for the product.
Accountants View
Accountant’s view to
pricing is does not work on a hypothetical framework as the economist or the
marketer’s view. Accountants view to pricing considers the total expenditure
(Both Variable and Fixed) for the product and adds a standard profit mark up to
arrive at the pricing for the product.
Three main pricing views takes into account different
dynamics, a company to leverage on pricing as a key market strategy should take
into consideration all these three views in deciding the correct price for the
product.